There have been new developments in the field of medical science and usage of organic chemistry. The synthetic methodology used in the process of preparing organic compounds is one of the most important discoveries and innovation taken place in the recent decades. It's very objective in the modern times is to provide better medicines and cure through new and possible drugs for different diseases.
In this regard there is no doubt a lot of interest is shown towards the implementation of new processes and synthetic strategies towards the development of peptides. Particularly, much of attention is focused towards the new process - Liquid phase organic synthesis (LPOS) on soluble polymers. Since many peptide syntheses methods/process with which peptides can be procured, however, liquid phase peptide synthesis is well known in the research domain. Since soluble polymers combines the benefits of classical homogeneous solution methodology with those of solid phase organic synthesis (SPOS); 1- it uses excessive reagents, easy isolation and purification of the final product with a higher stability of the system polymer-supported molecule. 2- Polyethylene glycol (PEG) with Mw=5000Da, is by far the most widely soluble support employed. Polyethylene glycol is one of the expensive polymer and ideal support for liquid phase combinatorial synthesis because it is easy to functionalize and also resistant to drastic operative conditions. 3- Furthermore, Polyethylene glycol dissolves easily in many organic solvents such as CH2CI2, CHCI3, tetrahydrofuran (THF), CH3OH, or H2O within the room temperature and it can be precipitated from solution by adding diethyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, propan-2- ol, or hexane. 4- Because of these features, PEG chemistry has shown a broad based application, which maybe in large part assigned the use of PEG where it conjugates to deliver drug, Oligonucleotides or enzymes. 6- The liquid phase peptide synthesis method is known for more than 25 years and it has been broadly applied to the synthesis of small organic molecules and combinatorial chemistry. 5- On the other hand, compound derived from 1, 3, 5 thiadiazinane-2- thiones (THTT) has received specific attention because of its pharmacological properties. It is best known that THTT present antibacterial activities which are obtained in compounds having lipophilic groups at the N-3 and hydrophilic ones at N-5 position that helps in liquid phase peptide synthesis. 6- It is to be considered that promising results are obtained with antiparasitic bioactivity with THTT derivates which shall be attributed to the interaction of cystenine proteinases, present in most groups of parasitic protozoa, with isothiocyanates, generated by hydrolysis of the THTT ring in protic medium. 7- Notwithstanding, it shall not be ruled out, it is very much possible that the rleased amino acids or dipeptide attached to N-5 of THTT ring, with other molecular targets, thereby enhances the antiparasitic activity as observed with these derivatives, should not be ruled out. In previous studies, it is found that cytotoxicity has remarkable properties of derivatives against HeLa and HT-29 cells were also tested, and there are developed theoretical model to predict the influence of structure on the antitumor activity for this type of compounds which helps in Liquid phase peptide synthesis.
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Good quality science teaching resources are essential to support teaching science at school, college, or university. Because of the rapidly changing nature of the subject, it is often a challenge for us to keep our teaching up to date. For example, 10 years ago it might have made sense to teach science students how to prepare a glass histology slide for viewing with a microscope. Today, slides are often prepared automatically by large-scale laboratory equipment.
Science and technology subjects So called STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) are exiting areas of study and graduates possess skills and knowledge sought after by a wide range of employers. So, finding good quality resources to support teaching is essential in order for tutors and lecturers to keep their material up to date. Also, finding good quality science teaching resources on the internet can save a tutor time in preparing basic material. There will be thousands of education establishments around the world teaching the anatomy of the heart for example, and so there will be thousands of nearly identical sets of learning materials written by tutors for their students. Surely we could work together to share materials more effectively? Sharing with open education Open education is a growing global concept where people are increasingly sharing their science teaching resources. These so called open educational resources (OERs) are existing learning resources that are then published with an open license such as Creative Commons which gives anyone permission to use the material. How amazing is that! There is an abundance of OER on the internet now and the challenge is finding it. In the US, there are organisations such as MIT and repositories such as MERLOT which excel in OER. In the UK, the national repository is JORUM. But the joy of open education is that no matter where you are in the world, you can access OER from other countries. What to look for in a good resource For a good quality science teaching resource three things are essential. 1) The item must be up to date. 2) The author must be a credible and authoritative. 3) The resource must be open licensed. Hopefully the OER will be clearly stamped with this information. What do students like? Many science teaching resources are used by tutors and lecturers as a supplement to their face-to-face teaching in the classroom or lecture theatre. Students particularly like video and animation, and actually a combination of graphics or images with a voice over makes a very effective teaching aid. The open license should permit you to reuse the resource in lectures or on your course website, and many allow you to adapt and rewrite the resource too. Creature Needs Good Relations
It's a coordinated discussion. In spite of the fact that the support is huge it is simple for me to approach and it will be simple for you to consent to help. I know this since I was asked and I happily acknowledged when I perceived how my little endeavor would help numerous who required my assistance.A short develop before I ask the enormous fave so you will know what kind of opinion I'm maintaining and why this is so basic to me and to you. You may have seen in your locale a great deal of people this year losing their homes. Families have encountered work loss of at least one benefits workers. These days it appears to be both a couple are requiring full time wage. What Is Zoology Works Training Tips Zoology is a branch of Biology that arrangements with life sciences. It underlines on creatures organizing, working, and evolution.Zoology is an immense field of concentrate that offers assortment of unmistakable themes. The points for a Zoology coursework cluster from organizing to conduct of creature species.Ethnology.Coursework composing is an irreplaceable task for higher classes, which is intended to fabricate a superior comprehension of subject. Since theme choice is of most vital significance, some short recorded subjects are as per the following: * Studying Salmon and risks it might motivation to the individual wellbeing and condition * Factors and components of jeopardized Marbled Murrelet For composing a coursework one must put into task these means that guarantee achievement. * A Zoology coursework is really in light of the examination and its discoveries, and will be incorporated into the body passages of a coursework * The whole coursework synopsis is composed in the closing sections. Reiteration of rationales and words are stoutly disallowed and also prologue to any new rationale in the wrapping up isn't prescribed. Pooch Training At Home When we discuss puppy preparing at home we think about the remunerating feeling of animal ready to build up a creature's aptitudes, yet there is a great deal of work and exertion associated with the procedure as well. Pooch preparing at home starts with potty preparing and proceeds with complex undertakings and orders. Notwithstanding, before you begin canine preparing at home you'll need to locate some expert data on puppy wellbeing and care. The specific fundamental "sit" and "hi" are among the primary traps of puppy preparing at home, trailed by the chain stroll as a basic piece of the procedure of pooch mingling. Karl Kjer the well-known science educator and nature sweetheart give some imperative actualities and advantages of Fish tanks in home.
Fish Tanks add new and beautiful look to your home and it don't consume much room in your home since it can suited anyplace in your home and furthermore it is effectively reasonable. Fish tanks are not just for angles, you can keep other marine warm blooded creatures, turtle too. Normally angle tanks are comprised of plastic or glass. You can pick any of them. It is prescribed to get channel inside fish tank as it keep tank from end up dirtied and water from stagnate and in view of this fish can get by for quite a while. The measure of fish tank relies on size of fishes. In the event that you have more fishes and roomy room then you can go for huge one. Before getting fish, first you need to purchase angle tank to set it up for angles. As you purchase Fish tank, clean it first with cleanser and warm water and after that let it dry altogether to guarantee no hints of cleanser is deserted in light of the fact that even somewhat cleanser can hurt your little and delegate angles. Clean all different adornments like support pictures, rocks, shells, amphibian plants and other ornamental things likewise that you need to incorporate into it. Make a few spots utilizing rocks where your fishes can conceal itself for some time. Drifting plants ought to likewise be included after the tank s full. Rock ought to likewise be flushed well. Fish tank require some support and you should clean and supplant its water in any event once in multi month. Try not to set up Fish tank in coordinate daylight since green growth can develop in it due to daylight. Some gear will require control so keep it close electrical plug. Tank ought to be half loaded with water and water that you are going to fill in it ought to be crisp, clean, de chlorinated and in the wake of filling water keep in mind to check if is there any breaks. When you fill water again in it at that point pour it delicately in order to give least unsettling influence to rock. Your fish tank will require stand additionally that can tolerate the weight of aquarium and utilize a layer of polystyrene tiles amongst tank and stand. For more vital hints take after Karl Kjer. Biostatistics is defined as the application of statistical methods on scientific data generated in the various branches of Biology or Medicine, and to make a sensible conclusion on the data by developing the data into a statistical report. Bio statistics methods help to develop the data into descriptive statistics that describes about the interpretation and comparison of the data, and these statistics are also used for addressing conclusions or to solve the problems that might arise during the research studies.
Educational background: A bachelor's degree is sufficient for entering into the field of biostatistics, but to advance the career in this field one requires a master of sciences or doctorate of philosophy in biostatistics, mathematics or statistics. Knowledge and skills: To communicate clearly in all aspects, a biostatistician should have good written, vocabulary skills in English language especially in structure and contents of the language which includes meanings, spellings of words, rules of composition and grammar. Also some basic knowledge on the information and techniques that is needed to diagnose and treat human diseases like identifying symptoms of various diseases and the different treatments options available will be advantageous. Duties of a Biostatistician: Biostatisticians may work in the biomedical field or in the public or private health care related fields, where he is responsible for analyzing the effects of a particular treatment, evaluating conditions that effect the treatment like environmental or other factors, or he may work on building statistical parameters for a new study. Daily duties of a research or pharmaceutical biostatistician are to work closely with the clinicians and with clinical SAS programmers. He could have key responsibilities like, helping with the statistical design of the clinical trial study, help with the formulation of the study hypotheses, determine optimal sample size required to guarantee the level of precision, work with the team of SAS programmers where he is responsible to ensure that the methods and statistical analysis sections addresses each specific aim of the study, calculate the appropriate sample size for the study to address the specific targets, determine the data variables to be measured and how they relate to the study objectives, develop the data collection process, provide methods to analyse the data and to interpret the results. Daily duties of a clinical biostatistician may also include analyzing genetic data and disease occurrence. This information may be used in developing clinical trials to assess drug treatments. Clinical biostatistician's major role is to check the conditions of clinically generated data to understand the risks and effects of the trial, and also helpful in taking the required precautions to run the trial successfully. Responsibilities of a biostatistician in a Clinical Trial: The Clinical trial Biostatistician is solely responsible to provide bio statistical consultation to the client or sponsor, to attend meetings or conferences and to discuss with the sponsor or client to update any methodological or conceptual developments in fields such as pharmacology, biostatistics and life sciences that is relevant to their clinical study. Sometimes, a Clinical Biostatistician may also get involved in the designing of clinical research studies in collaboration with physicians, scientists and can review clinical study protocols to recommend appropriate statistical analysis plans. It is the responsibility of the clinical biostatistician to calculate the sample size required for the clinical studies, to schedule time lines for a project, and to develop project plans and identify technical aspects of research studies. He/she is also responsible to analyze archival clinical data such as birth, death and disease records data; prepare descriptive analysis data for inclusion in reports for submitting to data monitoring committees, regulatory agencies, managers or clients.. Finally, he/she must also make conclusions or predictions, based on the statistically analysed data, weather to end or to continue the clinical trial. Industrial Skills Needed for a Biostatistician: Apart from the statistical skills, the industry expects that a biostatistician will be good in other skills like; Critical Thinking and complex problem solving: Which is used to identify complex problems of the trial and gather all the related information to develop exact options to implement a solution. Reading, writing, speaking and listening: Good language skills is the most required skill as it is used to communicate effectively within the working environment. Programming Skills: should be skilled to write the computer programs for various purposes of cleaning and analyzing the clinical trial data using bio statistical methods. Marine biologists are the scientists who study the plants, animals and bacteria that make up the ocean's delicate and elaborate ecosystem. In addition to being familiar with other principles of oceanography, such as chemical oceanography and physical oceanography, most marine biologists focus on one specific species to study throughout their career. Oceanographers study oceans and ocean life specifically, while limnologists study inland water systems, including lakes, rivers, streams, ponds and wetlands.
Ever wonder who picks out and cares for those massive fish tanks in your favorite aquarium? Enter the aquarist. By volunteering, interning or working at an aquarium, zoo or pet store, you'll gain hands-on experience that will give you an edge in the hiring process. You may also need a SCUBA certification for days when you'll enter the tank to care for and feed your charges. Marine biology is not a career path for anyone with no college education at all. Approximately 95% of all marine biologists graduate with a Bachelor Degree and the remainder have some college education behind them. Texas boasts one of the best college education programs for marine biology in the country. Marine biology is one of the major employment growth areas at the moment. When other industries are failing, marine biology is blossoming thanks to an increasing interest in the environment. Marine biologists serve a variety of functions, from helping to formulate plans to reduce and manage pollution right through the spectrum to studying the composition of rivers, oceans and seas. Marine biology is only a viable career path in a few select states, of which New York is one, but it is also the place where you have more potential to move onward and upwards. The opportunities are there owing to technological advances in chemical analysis and underwater apparatus. Nowhere is this more apparent than in California. With a degree in oceanography or marine life science, you can later on pursue a career in biological oceanography, marine geochemistry, research, or coastal zone management. The most basic course is an introduction to marine life in the seas, which is often a general discussion of marine biology and oceanography concepts. While you can gain an entry-level testing position with a bachelor's degree, it is recommended that you obtain your master's degree as well. If your goal is to be a senior scientist or university professor, you will need to get your PhD. As Biology positions among the very best ten most popular within the United States; along with courses in political science, communication, and engineering, a college major. Biology is normally defined as the department of science that deals with the analysis of living beings; their evolution, surroundings, actions, reproduction, and life cycle, amongst others.
Pursuing a major in Biology introduces a pupil to the fundamentals of a few areas of study including genetic and cellular structure, chemistry, anatomy and physiology, botany, zoology, along with environmental and ecological studies. Conducting research also contains a big portion of the coursework, making Biology graduates great candidates as laboratory researchers and medical scientists. A feature on CNN Money (Schwartz, 2,000) quotes a few lines of work a Biology graduate may take on which contain
Nevertheless, as with any other area, financial assistance is accessible both for graduate and undergraduate levels; onto medical school and other relevant classes. It's then crucial that you decide on which particular way to take and pick the most suitable classes at the first possible time. Studying biology and choosing a career in it can be a very difficult and arduous task, but it is a very rewarding career path because you are moving the world forward by helping other people standard of life better. Karl Kjer the famous science writer and professional professor explain some biology homework help tips:
Biotechnology is a broad spectrum science that uses any living organisms like bacteria, virus, fungi, plant, and animal cells to produce inimitable commodities: an industrial based business for development of bio produce using genetically engineered or modified microbes and animals. Traditional biotechnology provides evidences of bread baking and brewing alcohols that form the layout for the development of this technology. Genetics, molecular and cell biology, biochemistry, microbiology and its genetics, immunology and their applications are few interdisciplinary areas of biotechnology, which leads to advanced and modern biotech. Genetic engineering is the process of adding, deleting, or modifying a gene of interest according to the need of the produce. New gene technology has resulted in many innovative approaches for production of hybrid yields of plants, crops, and chemicals by genetically modified microorganisms. In 1997, the first cloned mammal, Dolly the sheep marked the success of Tran genesis where the DNA of the animals was manipulated to express the desired character or organism. This engineering aims at preparing drugs, improved plants, growth hormones, enzymes and proteins e.g. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were genetically incorporated into plants and crops to farmers that survives pest infestation and yield healthy crops. Bt produces a protein that acts as a toxin to the pests: microbial pest control management. This technology of inserting or modifying the gene of an organism is the recombinant DNA technology (rDNA). Medicine biotechnology focuses on drug development and production, gene therapy, Human genome project, Pharmacogenomics and genetic testing and screening. rDNA technology enables the invention of genetically engineered Insulin, a cure for diabetics by making a microbe available to secrete insulin for humans. Gene therapy is a method that corrects the genetic birth defects diagnosed in the embryo: a normal gene is inserted to the defective embryo, which expresses normal function by masking the non-functional gene. There are some early diagnostic methods made available by rDNA technology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). PCR is widely used to detect HIV in AIDS patients. Antibiotic and vaccine establishment, transgenic experiments to study the nature of diseases and cures and other medical biotechnology approaches are carried out with the support of Government policies and regulations of Social and ethical issues. Any organization or groups of manufacturers must have a licensed agreement to accepting terms and conditions of Government regulations; violating this regulation (Biopiracy) results in severe compensation and punishment. Industrial and environmental biotechnology relates with modern biotechnology to increase the efficacy and decrease the industrial impacts to the environment. Biocatalysts, biopolymers, bio plastics, bioremediation, bio surfactants, bio fertilizers and biodegradable materials take the modern concept to commercial market. Textile industry, cosmetic industry and many chemical industries rely for eco-friendly harvests. Wastewater management recovers the spoiled soil and sewage water treatment; water acts as biofuel for generators. The most vocal challenges are noted between the benefit and the risks involved in modern biotechnology. Biodiversity conservation comprises a nature-balancing factor. This however promises future with certain amount of risk. The approval and regulation would up bring this modern technology to scale up new trend. Microscopes of toady offer the high quality work; they are cost effective and provide optimum performance per price for the clinics, for medical technicians, for practitioners, for hospitals, universities, leading biological research labs & various research companies across the world.
Some of the good performance microscopes in the biological field includes inverted, simple, polarizing, fluorescent etc. let use discuss each one of them in brief: Simple Microscopes: First one on the list is the simple microscope, it consists of a biconvex lens which can be moved up & down by the adjustable screw to arrange the sharpness of the image. An object is placed near the platform & usually a beam of light is to be focused on an object with the help of a concave mirror. A convex lens is used to see the image of a tiny object by magnifying it. The image produced is virtual in nature, erect and on the same side as the object. The compound Microscope It has the two set of convex lens, the shorter aperture lens with shorter focal length is called objective lens and another one of large aperture & focal length, facing the eye called as the eyepiece. Both of these are placed coaxially to each other. The object to be magnified is placed between the center of curvature & focus of the objective lens. The image produced acts as the object for eyepiece which in turn act as the simple microscope to produce an erect, magnified and virtual image. The Electron Microscope: It is developed by the M. knoll at Germany during 1932. It has the supplying source, a beam of the electron, a condenser lens for the concentration, a specimen for displacing the specimen so that electron beam can be transmitted, projector lens, objective lens and a fluorescent screen for observing the final image. If you want to make a permanent record of the image then you can use a photographic plate instead of a fluorescent screen. Fluorescence Microscope It is an optical microscope in which fluorescence & phosphorescence is used along with the normal reflection & absorption. This is effective microscope to study the properties of organic & inorganic substances. They used the high powered light waves to provide an effect of perfect viewing options that are not available with a traditional microscope. When the light of a particular wavelength irradiates definite specimens they can emit energy seen as visible light.High-intensity light source like mercury & xenon arc lamps is used to generate a huge amount of excitation energy. Here is the goal is to maximize the intensity of emitted fluorescence with high contrast. |